Morphology measurement of a river involves studying and quantifying various physical characteristics and features of the river channel and its surroundings. These measurements provide valuable information about the shape, size, and behavior of the river, which can help in understanding its dynamics, erosion processes, sediment transport, and ecological interactions. Here are some common morphology measurements conducted on rivers:

1. Cross-Sectional Profiles: Cross-sectional surveys involve measuring the shape of the river channel from bank to bank at specific locations along the river's course. These profiles provide information about the width, depth, and slope of the river channel, as well as the presence of bars, islands, or other geomorphic features.
2. Longitudinal Profiles: Longitudinal surveys involve measuring the elevation or depth of the river channel along its length. This data helps to determine the overall slope or gradient of the river, as well as identify any changes in elevation, such as waterfalls, rapids, or meanders.
3. Bankfull Channel Geometry: Bankfull channel surveys aim to identify the dimensions and characteristics of the river channel when it is carrying its maximum flow. This data helps determine the channel's capacity and the extent of floodplain connectivity during high-water events.
4. Channel Roughness: Roughness measurements assess the resistance to flow within the river channel. Various methods can be used to estimate roughness, including Manning's roughness coefficients, which describe the resistance due to vegetation, bed materials, and channel shape.
5. Sediment Sampling: Collecting sediment samples from the river bed and banks allows for analysis of the sediment size distribution, composition, and sorting. This information provides insights into sediment transport processes and sediment availability within the river system.
6. Bedform Mapping: Bedforms are the patterns or structures formed on the riverbed due to sediment transport. Mapping and measuring these features, such as ripples, dunes, or bars, help understand flow dynamics, sediment transport rates, and erosion and deposition patterns.
7. Bank Erosion and Accretion: Monitoring changes in the riverbanks over time is important for understanding erosion and deposition processes. Measurements may involve analyzing historical maps, conducting aerial surveys, or using ground-based techniques to quantify bank erosion or accretion rates.
8. Hydrological Measurements: Morphological studies often incorporate hydrological data, such as water discharge, water level, and sediment load measurements. These data help in understanding the relationship between flow regime and river morphology.

These measurements can be conducted using various surveying techniques, including traditional ground-based methods, remote sensing technologies (such as aerial photography or LiDAR), and bathymetric surveys using sonar systems. The collected data is typically analyzed and interpreted to gain insights into the river's behavior, patterns, and changes over time.