{"id":3550,"date":"2022-03-25T14:11:36","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T14:11:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/?p=3550"},"modified":"2022-03-25T14:13:11","modified_gmt":"2022-03-25T14:13:11","slug":"why-wetlands-are-a-versatile-climate-and-biodiversity-hack","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/uncategorized\/why-wetlands-are-a-versatile-climate-and-biodiversity-hack\/","title":{"rendered":"Why wetlands are a versatile climate and biodiversity hack"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/03\/wetlands-climate-change\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/03\/wetlands-climate-change\">Source &gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/assets.weforum.org\/article\/image\/sPfY8fiq80HshwCfu09HZq66Ljh5Piqh1ZVi95M5A00.JPG\" alt=\"A glossy ibis in Ammiq wetland in Lebanon\"\/><figcaption>A glossy ibis in the Ammiq wetland in Lebanon.Image: Reuters\/Ali Hashisho<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>24 Mar 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/authors\/jane-madgwick\">Jane Madgwick<\/a> CEO, Wetlands International<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2022%2F03%2Fwetlands-climate-change%2F\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?via=wef&amp;text=Why%20wetlands%20are%20our%20best%20climate-change%20hack&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2022%2F03%2Fwetlands-climate-change%2F\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;source=WEF&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2022%2F03%2Fwetlands-climate-change%2F\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/share.flipboard.com\/bookmarklet\/popout?v=2&amp;title=Why%20wetlands%20are%20our%20best%20climate-change%20hack&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2022%2F03%2Fwetlands-climate-change%2F\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a>UpLink &#8211; Take Action for the SDGs<a href=\"https:\/\/buff.ly\/2OyxMPN\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/buff.ly\/2OyxMPN\">Take action on UpLink<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Forum in focusThe one essential element needed to accelerate action on climate change<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/our-impact\/accelerating-climate-action\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/our-impact\/accelerating-climate-action\">Read more about this project<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Explore context<img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/assets\/tmap-icon-2045d4d484cd2c52255f705c433a7290911308b18f88496a3163e92d39ee491e.svg\">Future of the Environment<a href=\"https:\/\/intelligence.weforum.org\/topics\/a1Gb0000001hXikEAE?tab=publications\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/intelligence.weforum.org\/topics\/a1Gb0000001hXikEAE?tab=publications\">Explore the latest strategic trends, research and analysis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The potential of wetlands to mitigate climate change and extreme weather events has been neglected.<\/li><li>More than a third of global wetlands have disappeared since the 1970s.<\/li><li>Quantified targets are needed for policy-makers to protect wetlands.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s the best and cheapest way to harness nature for fighting climate change? Answer: protect and restore the world\u2019s wetlands \u2013 its bogs and lakes, mangroves and mires, peatlands and rivers, tidal mudflats, and floodplain marshes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s the best way to counter extreme floods and droughts in a rapidly warming world? Protecting and restoring wetlands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which biodiverse ecosystems are&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/news\/wetlands-disappearing-three-times-faster-than-forests#:~:text=Despite%20their%20essential%20role%20in,is%20accelerating%20annually%20since%202000.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">disappearing faster than forests<\/a>, but so far have received little attention from the Convention on Biological Diversity? You guessed it: wetlands again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Have you read?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2021\/02\/wetlands-environmental-protection-ecsystem-biodiversity\">How wetlands benefit the environment and why we should protect them<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2020\/01\/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity\">Why we need wetlands<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2021\/08\/planting-mangroves-helps-the-planet\">Why planting mangroves can help save the planet<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The many ecological benefits provided by the world\u2019s wet places are too often neglected in discussions about both climate change and biodiversity protection \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2022\/02\/1111052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">by scientists, conservationists and policy-makers alike<\/a>. As a result, from the mangroves of South-East Asia to the marshlands of South America and the swamps of Central Africa, they continued to be drained and dammed with impunity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the recent Glasgow climate conference, nations lined up to pledge an end to deforestation and to start restoring forests. But there were few equivalent promises for ending wetland loss, or re-wetting drained land, even though wetlands are&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0248398\" target=\"_blank\">extremely important natural carbon stores<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Wetland Targets\" width=\"820\" height=\"461\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wPJwdDfOUjU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wPJwdDfOUjU\"> <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Much the same has been happening at the latest negotiations in Geneva for the post-2020 global Biodiversity Framework under the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wetlands.org\/publications\/ensuring-the-global-biodiversity-framework-prioritises-measures-to-safeguard-wetlands-and-wetland-biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Convention on Biological Diversity \u2013 even though wetlands contain more biodiversity than forests, holding 40% of the planet\u2019s species on just 7% of the land.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By some measures, the world has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wwt.org.uk\/our-work\/threats-to-wetlands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">already lost more than 80% of its former wetlands<\/a>, more than a third disappearing since 1970. That is a faster rate than for any other major ecosystem. Drains and dams have done far more damage to nature than chainsaws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Without far more attention to protecting and restoring the world\u2019s wet places, we have little chance of meeting our climate or biodiversity goals. Yet they remain Cinderellas at the conservation ball.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hectare for hectare, coastal mangroves store&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/ecosystems\/coastal-blue-carbon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">four times more carbon than neighbouring rainforests<\/a>. The continued drainage of peatlands alone is responsible for more&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ramsar.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/library\/ny_2._korrektur_anp_peatland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">than 5% of global carbon emissions<\/a>. But their importance extends far beyond carbon capture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ramsar.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/library\/ny_2._korrektur_anp_peatland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The recent IPCC report on the impacts of climate change highlighted the vulnerability of ecosystems such as wetlands<\/a>&nbsp;to high temperatures, fires and drought, and warned that their loss will amplify climate change by releasing large amounts of greenhouse gases. But it had much less to say about the vital role that wetlands can play in protecting humans and wildlife from climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wetlands act as sponges that ameliorate droughts by storing water and releasing it to maintain river flows long after the rains cease. And they protect against floods, too. When more than 200 people drowned as rivers overflowed in north-west Germany in July 2021, intense rainfall from climate change got the blame. Few noticed the role of drains installed in moorlands upstream in recent years that had destroyed their ability to soak up the rain, which instead&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/opinion-germany-needs-to-invest-in-nature-to-defend-against-floods\/a-60607186\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">poured off the land into rivers within seconds<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/assets.weforum.org\/editor\/KanRCJECl4B11YfR7ioIig7GREv5AUN5Kc5WNmr9SEs.jpg\" alt=\"Wetlands will be crucial for meeting our climate and biodiversity goals\"\/><figcaption>Wetlands will be crucial for meeting our climate and biodiversity goals.Image: Wetlands International<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Wetlands also protect against wildfires. In the heart of South America, a quarter of the Pantanal, the world\u2019s largest tropical wetland, burned during 2020; most fires broke out in the north,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/opinion-germany-needs-to-invest-in-nature-to-defend-against-floods\/a-60607186\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the areas where farmers have been encroaching<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Restoring lost wetlands is vital to stemming the cost of climate disasters. After the 2021 floods, the Germany government set aside \u20ac30 billion to repair the damage. But without repairing the sponges too, there will be many more such floods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some countries have caught on. Indonesia intends to block drains to re-wet 2.5 million hectares of dried peatlands and to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/en\/nature\/mangrove-restoration-scales-up-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bring back 600,000 hectares of mangroves<\/a>, cleared for coastal prawn farms. We are working with African governments to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wetlands.org\/casestudy\/mangrove-capital-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">restore a million hectares of mangroves, to protect shorelines from storms and rising tides<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The science is clear that wetlands are effective natural solutions for a range of global problems. And restoration by blocking drains or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590332221003481\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">removing obstacles to natural regeneration is often cheap<\/a>. What is missing are quantified targets to galvanise policy-makers and hold them to account.0 seconds of 1 minute, 42 secondsVolume 90%&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We propose a minimum of 30% of surviving wetlands be put under formal management for conservation, and that planning systems ensure that all existing intact and wilderness wetlands are retained, while all others are managed with their biodiversity value to the fore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, we propose that at least&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wetlands.org\/news\/wetlands-international-welcomes-the-2030-action-targets-and-calls-for-a-focus-on-wetlands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20% of wetlands already degraded by human activity should be restored by 2030<\/a>. That should include at least 10 million hectares of peatland and a 20% gain in mangrove cover. Tidal flats should be increased by at least 10% by removing sea walls, and at least half of the 7,000 wetland sites identified as critical to migrating birds should be managed with their needs as a priority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, we need protection and restoration of water systems as a whole,not just specific wetlands. Rivers feed \u2013 and are fed by \u2013 wetlands all the way from their source to the ocean. They are connectors across landscapes, and sustain other ecosystems. Targets for protecting forests and oceans will fail if we don\u2019t protect and restore wetlands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So it is vital that all the world\u2019s surviving free-flowing rivers should be protected from dams, levees and sand mining, and that, where possible, managed river flows mimic nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>What is the World Economic Forum doing on natural climate solutions?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The world faces converging environmental crises: the accelerating destruction of nature, and climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Natural climate solutions (NCS) \u2013 investment in conservation and land management programmes that increase carbon storage and reduce carbon emissions \u2013 offer an important way of addressing both crises and generate additional environmental and social benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/assets.weforum.org\/editor\/IPo4yEmVr7O3iF8N80t85Uw1HaZRF-uM9FnQoQ_4e8U.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Research conducted for the Forum\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/reports\/consultation-nature-and-net-zero\">Nature and Net Zero<\/a>&nbsp;report confirms estimates that NCS can provide one-third of the climate mitigation to reach a 1.5\u00b0 and 2\u00b0 pathway by 2030\u2014and at a lower cost than other forms of carbon dioxide removal. This report builds on the recommendations from the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2021\/01\/scale-voluntary-carbon-markets\">Taskforce for Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets<\/a>, and identifies&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2021\/01\/six-ways-to-unleash-the-power-of-natural-climate-solutions\/\">six actions<\/a>&nbsp;to accelerate the scale-up of high-quality NCS and unlock markets through the combined efforts of business leaders, policymakers and civil society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/assets.weforum.org\/editor\/a9-hInw7aFi1SFUcnSfQLImOQgPm6SbELW8HulpeoxA.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To foster collaboration, in 2019 the Forum and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.proofpoint.com\/v2\/url?u=https-3A__www.wbcsd.org_&amp;d=DwMFaQ&amp;c=VWART3hH1Kkv_uOe9JqhCg&amp;r=MKmSnOoG5cub7JsIZyk7YpIOJ3xlkUDgahcu9Owu9qk&amp;m=nnYhyJvz4UcaxgmZmzMbaPcvBmc-17cwxIFTnpag1xg&amp;s=oH8RIgDyuthUQRdtH_6ljrbWw8u0wFX4SrGmLLFVG3k&amp;e=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">World Business Council for Sustainable Development<\/a>&nbsp;came together to establish the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/natural-climate-solutions-alliance\">Natural Climate Solutions Alliance<\/a>&nbsp;to convene public and private stakeholders with the purpose of identifying opportunities and barriers to investment into NCS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NCS Alliance member organizations provided expert input to develop the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/natural-climate-solutions-alliance\/reports\">Natural Climate Solutions for Corporates<\/a>, a high-level guide to the credible use of NCS credits by businesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"mailto:gabriela.martinez@weforum.org\">Get in touch<\/a>&nbsp;to join our mission to unleash the power of nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Show<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But beyond the targets, we need a mental reset. Most of us still have a strangely negative attitude to wetlands. We see them as dank badlands rather than rich ecosystems. Scary jungles got a 20th-century rebranding as magical rainforests; our bogs, mires and swamps need a similar 21st-century makeover. Our climate, our biodiversity and the safety and livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people depend on it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source &gt;&gt;&gt; 24 Mar 2022 Jane Madgwick CEO, Wetlands International UpLink &#8211; Take Action for &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/uncategorized\/why-wetlands-are-a-versatile-climate-and-biodiversity-hack\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"more-button\">Continue Reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Why wetlands are a versatile climate and biodiversity hack<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3550"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3550"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3552,"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3550\/revisions\/3552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eos.co.id\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}